Quantitative investigation of physical and mechanical properties of different artificial aggregate

Concrete is an important construction element because it is plastic and soft when newly mixed, yet strong and tough when hardened. However, when the world technologies are develop year by years, lightweight concrete has been commonly used in several structural element applications and its exploitation increases every year on a global basis [1]. Thus, where lightweight concrete is desirable, raising the need for partial or total replacement of the aggregate with a lighter substitute is needed. Lightweight concrete contains artificial aggregate that is natural or synthetic which weighs less than 1100 kg/m3. Due to the low density of Light Weight Aggregate (LWA), it provides better insulation property and can be used to produce light weight concrete. During this period, various types of aggregates have been used

Improving the airport operation and environmental quality at small airports in indonesia

The study purpose is to strengthen the policy and supervision of airport operation and improve the airport environmental quality to face Green Airport in the near future. The data used are primary and secondary data. The primary data is based on field survey, interview and questionnaires, while secondary data is based on data collected from various agencies. In general, the conclusions are as follows: i) the study results show that the airport operator has given enough attention to the environmental management. With good environmental management, airport operator will find comfort in operating the airport such that airports could improve the operation and environmental quality control system; ii) the concept of green airport can be a reference to the the airport operator such that the airport activities does not negatively impact to the environment; and iii) the implementation of Green Airport concept will improve the quality of environment; and iv) the application of green airport concept will reduce the costs of environmental management. The recommendations are i) improve strategy and airport development in facing the green airport for the future challenges; and ii) airport development plan should noticed since the beginning of airport planned/developed so as to facilitate for the availability airport land expansion, permits, changes in traffic patterns, aircraft technology and implementation of environmental management aspect.&nbsp

Penerapan Batu Bata Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) untuk Peningkatan Pendapatan Home Industri Batu Bata Deli Serdang

Community empowerment in Sido Urip Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang with the owners of bricks making business. The aim is to provide educational information and apply SNI-standard bricks so that they can compare the production of bricks, as well as provide knowledge of brick making that updates the technology as well as the quality and quantity of certified bricks. The method used to provide education and socialization of the process of making bricks with SNI, Making a group of craftsmen home brick industry under the auspices of the Village Government. From visual observations in a partially SNI-standard brickfield

Structural behaviour of beam with HDPE plastic balls subjected to flexure load

This paper presents the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beam embedded with high density polyethylene balls (HDPE) subjected to flexural load. The HDPE balls with 180 mm diameter were embedded to create the spherical voids in the beam which lead to reduction in its self-weight. Two beam specimens with HDPE balls (RC-HDPE) and one solid beam (RC-S) with dimension 250 mm x 300 mm x 1100 mm were cast and tested until failure. The results are analysed in the context of its ultimate load, load-deflection profile, and crack pattern and failure mode. It was found that the ultimate load of RC-HDPE was reduced by 32% compared to RC-S beam while the maximum deflection at its mid span was increased by 4%. However, RC-HDPE is noticed to be more ductile compared to RC-S beam. Both types of beams experienced flexure cracks and diagonal tension cracks before failur

A Study of Performance of Compressed Earth Brick Incorporation with Waste Fire Clay Brick as a Filler

This study examines the use of waste fire clay brick as a filler in compressed earth brick production. The purpose of this study is to determine the compressive strength and water absorption of the compressed earth brick incorporation with waste fire clay brick as a filler. The optimum amount of waste fire clay to utilize as a filler is also being studied. A total of 72 compressed earth bricks were produced with the brick size of 125 mm x 250 mm x 100 mm which consist of a mix of sand, soil and cement with mix proportion of 1:4:4. A few tests were conducted which are compressive strength test and water absorption test. The waste fire clay bricks were utilized in this study and replace by volume fraction percentage of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% while 0% is set as the control. The findings obtained show that the compressive strength of the bricks was increasing. The percentage of water absorption were decreasing along with the increases of percentage of waste fire clay brick as a filler

Damage of reinforced concrete beams consisting modified artificial polyethylene aggregate (MAPEA) under low impact load

The impact damage of reinforced concrete beams subjected to low velocity impact loading at the ultimate load range are explored. In this study, an impact tests is carried out on reinforced concrete beam consisting Modified Artificial Polyethylene Aggregate (MAPEA), where, an approximately 100 kg of impact weight were dropped three times onto the beam specimens until its fails. The waste plastic bags, that encapsulated by glass powder as known as MAPEA were used as the replacement of coarse aggregate. There are twelve beam specimens of size 120 mm x 150 mm x 800 mm are categorized into three groups, where each group consists of 4 specimens. The three groups denoted as normal reinforced concrete (NRC), reinforced concrete with MAPEA concrete block infill (RCAI) and reinforced concrete with 9% of MAPEA as a coarse aggregate (RC9A). All specimens were tested under low velocity impact loads under 0.32 m and 1.54 m (2.5 m/s & 5.5 m/s velocities) drop height of impact weight. The comparisons were made between the three types of beams under the aspect of failure (shear and flexural) and its final displacement. The result of the laboratory test showed that the RC9A beams produced less crack and low value of residual displacement

Impact resistance of foamed concrete slab and its modifications subjected to hemispherical impactor

This research work examined the interplay between three main methods: experimental works, analytical model and numerical simulation. The three methods employed slabs of foamed concrete and its modifications. The modifications of foamed concrete included foamed concrete substituting sand with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and foamed concrete reinforced by Polypropylene fibre (PF). Experimental work produced properties data of density, compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of slab specimens. The experiment of impact was conducted by using falling-weight impact tower method to get the depth of penetration data. The depth of crater as product of impact is called penetration depth. The basic properties of materials were used to run the numerical simulation and analytical model. The simulation applied the FE/DE method, whilst the analytical model was conducted by applying various theories and all its support from previous researchers both in empirical and non-empirical. The slab target subjected to hemispherical impactor with 7.7, 8.9 and 9.9 m/s impact velocity produced the crater without spalling or scabbing. This impact phenomenon was due to effect of porosity in matrix of foamed concrete and its modifications as foam material. Foamed concrete modifications were stronger than foamed concrete, which gave the shallower penetration depth than penetration depth of foamed concrete. Resistance of slab specimens subjected to impact loading can be predicted by its penetration depth. It can be determined by the assumption, when impactor hit the slab target, the diameter of impactor shank entirely into target due to porosity. The dimensional of penetration depth was derived when the impactor had kinetic energy and target initiate gave a reaction by its compressive strength against the force of impact. The dimensional penetration depth can be used as a formula to predict penetration depth of foamed concrete and its modification slabs subjected to hemispherical impact loading. The numerical simulation results were validated by the experimental results. Those three of analyses methods showed a tendency the same results for penetration depth

Rice Husk Ash Pozzolanicity Assessment by Resistivity Method

Assessment of pozzolanic reactivity commonly based on direct and indirect method which mostly used electrical conductivity method. However these methods limited by long duration requirement or need to be done in the laboratory. By modified sand box test to measured the electrical resistivity of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as pozzolan, this investigation trying to offer simpler method which can be done in situ. The RHA was heated in the oven with several temperatures varying from 100°C to 600°C and tested for its electrical resistivity by mixing it with laboratory grade lime. The value of electrical resistivity then compared with the value of the Luxan method by using the same materials. The results showed similar trend with electrical conductivity method. Hence new pozzolanicity classification was proposed in line with this new pozzolanicity assessment

Rice Husk Ash Pozzolanicity Assessment by Resistivity Method

Assessment of pozzolanic reactivity commonly based on direct and indirect method which mostly used electrical conductivity method. However these methods limited by long duration requirement or need to be done in the laboratory. By modified sand box test to measured the electrical resistivity of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as pozzolan, this investigation trying to offer simpler method which can be done in situ. The RHA was heated in the oven with several temperatures varying from 100°C to 600°C and tested for its electrical resistivity by mixing it with laboratory grade lime. The value of electrical resistivity then compared with the value of the Luxan method by using the same materials. The results showed similar trend with electrical conductivity method. Hence new pozzolanicity classification was proposed in line with this new pozzolanicity assessment

Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Differently Positioned Replacement Zones of Block Infill under Low Impact Loads

This paper reveals a study performed on reinforced concrete with artificial aggregate concrete block infill composite beams to innovate a lightweight reinforced concrete utilizing polyethylene (PE) waste materials, such as waste plastic bags. Six beam specimens of normal reinforced concrete (NRC) and different block infill replacement zone positions RCAI (RZ1) beams containing 100% MAPEA with 50, 95, and 1,000 mm width, height, and length, respectively, were provided for the block infill, whereas RCAI (RZ2) with different block infill positions containing a 100% MAPEA with 50, 115, and 1000 mm width, height, and length were provided and tested under low impact load. The steel impactor with blunt nose dropped at 0.6 m height which equivalent to 3.5 m/s. The behaviors of the beams were studied relative to the impact force-time and displacement-time histories, the flexural/ bending cracks, and the impact failure. Results show that the overall failure modes of all the beam specimens were successfully recorded. In addition, the residual displacements of the RZ2 was almost same than those of the RZ1 and the significantly lower than those of the NRC. In the reinforced concrete beams, less stressed concrete near the neutral axis can be replaced by certain light weight material like waste plastic bags as modified artificial polyethylene aggregates to serve as an artificial aggregate